Effective beginning the tax year 2013, the R&D Tax Credit is nonrefundable. If your business paid certain R&D expenses you may qualify for the Increasing Research Activities Credit. Any amount of the credit that you are not able to claim in the current year may be carried forward for up to 15 years.
For Tax years before 2013, the credit is refundable, and you may claim it even if your business did not make a profit for the year.
Refundable/Transferable Tax Credit – No
Carryforward
The credit can be claimed for the tax year during which the taxpayer qualifies for the credit. If the credit exceeds the limitation, the excess amount may be carried forward for up to 14 tax years.